This study aimed to assess research barriers for educators and its related solutions. This is a descriptive survey study. Statistical population was middle school teachers in district 2 of education and training organization in Qom (Iran). 97 educators were selected through random sampling. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire (its reliability was 0.87) based on a five point Liker scale. Data analysis was done through descriptive and differential statistics (X2 test, one-sample Z-test and ANOVA). Results showed that cultural, individual (technical and specialization) factors, method of presenting research services, administrative-structural and motivational factors were preventive factors affecting educators’ research performance. In addition, the most frequent barriers were lack of team working in research performance, lack of institutionalized culture in the field of research, lack of authorities’ attention toward educators’ research. The most important solutions were to allocate some educators’ time to research, and to pay attention to their earning. There was no significant difference between different barriers.

Introduction: Although data sharing includes various advantages and benefits, researchers avoid sharing their data. The present study aims at investigating the barriers to and challenges of data sharing. Methodology: This study analyzed the literature of data sharing by searching related keywords in the field in scientific databases such as WoS, Scopus, PubMed, JSTOR, EBSCO and ProQuest without any time limitation till 1 July 2016. Findings: Barriers to and challenges of research data sharing are categorized into five groups: individual barriers including time, cost and devoted effort to manage and share data, losing publication opportunities, misuse and misinterpretation of data, motivational and behavioral barriers including the lack of required rewards and stimuli for data sharing and the absence of proper acknowledgment on behalf of those who reuse data, organizational barriers involving the lack of appropriate organizational support, the lack of proper financial and human resources, and the lack of and/or strict sharing policies of organizations, technical barriers including the lack of proper repositories, disuse of suitable data and metadata standards, as well as the low quality of data and language barriers, and legal and legitimate barriers including data ownership, the right and level of use and accessibility of data, data sensitivity and considerations and the lack of knowledge about legal issues. Conclusion: In order to promote and enhance the research data sharing, identifying the barriers to and limitations in data sharing can be used as a framework for promoting and increasing data sharing.

Background and purpose: Utilization of evidence-based research can increase the validity and quality of nursing care and nurses' responsibility. In order to have research based performance by nurses, identifying the barriers to utilization of research findings is essential. This study aimed at recognizing these barriers from clinical nurses' prospective.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 313 nurses working in three hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2011. In this study a questionnaire containing two sections was used in which first part questioned scientific and professional knowledge of subjects, and the other part was extracted from Funk's barriers scale.Results: Four dimensions were identified using factor analysis. These were report, research, nursing and organization. Important barriers were insufficient time to study for implementing new ideas, lack of timely and fast publication of research papers, and lack of physicians' collaborations in implementing the results of nursing researches. These were classified in a different dimension. Some barriers were not included in any dimensions, such as low trust of nurses to research findings, unjustified conclusions drawn from researches, conflicting results, and English publication of most studies.Conclusion: The important finding of this study was that the subjects identified the barriers in nearly all dimensions. According to the first three barriers, authorities should provide nurses with facilities to utilize and implement research findings. Moreover, they should promote educational programs to develop knowledge, skills and positive attitude to research among nurses.